I am thinking it sounds more like the chamber is cut too deep (excessive headspace?). (just enough that) The bolt slamming home causes the rim to pop over (onto the top of) the extractor and will not eject manually. Gas pressure from firing pops it back over the extractor and it ejects normally. Probably not, maybe, just thinking out loud.

Just for giggles try.
Remove the firing pin first.
Ease a round into the chamber instead of letting the bolt fly home and see if it extracts with the charging handle.
Load a round normally by letting the bolt fly home, then smack the butt of the rifle on the floor not too hard, just enough to see if the extractor is on the high of the rim it will pop back into the groove, see if ti extracts with the charging handle.