Quote:
Originally Posted by CQB
For their own protection, police may perform a quick surface search of the person's outer clothing for weapons if they have reasonable suspicion that the person stopped is armed. This reasonable suspicion must be based on “specific and articulable facts” and not merely upon an officer's hunch. This permitted police action has subsequently been referred to in short as a “stop and frisk”, or simply a “Terry stop”. The Terry standard was later extended to temporary detentions of persons in vehicles, known as traffic stops.
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This skips an important step, and mixes up the elements. BEFORE the Terry stop can be initiated, the officer must have a reasonable suspicion that criminal activity is afoot. Without that reasonable suspicion, no Terry stop can be done at all, no detention can be caused, no lawful orders can issue. There MUST be some reason to think that a crime has happened, like a person holding a crowbar next to a pried-open door, or a man wearing a ski mask in a car idling in front of a bank.
If it seems likely that some articulable crime has occurred, THEN the officer can do a quick pat-down for weapons "for his own safety" during the course of the interview. Removing documents from pockets does NOT fall within a Terry search, since they could not be weapons.
Merely being peaceably armed while eating dinner with one's family, with the weapon visible or not, has nothing to do with allowing a Terry stop & frisk. The officer can approach and try to talk to anyone, just like you or I can walk up to anyone and try to converse, but anyone has the right to refuse to talk. It's only when there's that reasonable suspicion of criminal activity that the officer has the right to put his or her hooves on you.
This incident was all wrong from the beginning. The officers had no right to pull people out of the restaurant, they had no right to do a Terry frisk, they had no right to go beyond the Terry frisk and seize weapons and papers and wallets and whatever else. They had no right to accost peaceable diners and "make sure that they were legal" in the absence of any reasonable suspicion that criminal activity was afoot, they have no right to search citizens and take their guns and run the serial numbers in the absence of any possible suspicion that they were stolen or unlawfully transferred (and how exactly would they get such a reasonable suspicion from a plain view of a holstered weapon?), and they sure as hell don't have the right to seize and keep firearms simply because they are not "registered" to the owner in the "thing that the PSP swears is not a registry".